戒

(sa) śīla, [lang id =1028]尸羅. Precept, command, prohibition, discipline, rule; morality. It is applied to the five, eight, ten, 250, and other commandments. The five are:

(1) not to kill; (2 ) not to steal;

(3) not to commit adultery;

(4) not to speak falsely;

(5) not to drink wine. These are the commands for lay disciples; those who observe them will be reborn in the human realm. The Sarvāstivādins did not sanction the observance of a limited selection from them as did the [lang id =1028]成實宗 Satyasiddhi school. Each of the five precepts has five guardian spirits, in all twenty-five, [lang id =1028]五戒二十五神. The eight for lay disciples are the above five together with Nos. 7, 8, and 9 of the following; the ten commands for the ordained, monks and nuns, are the above five with the following:

(6) not to use adornments of flowers, nor perfumes;

(7) not to perform as an actor, juggler, acrobat, or go to watch and hear them;

(8) not to sit on elevated, broad, and large divans (or beds);

(9) not to eat except in regulation hours;

(10) not to possess money, gold or silver, or precious things. The [lang id =1028]具足戒full commands for a monk number 250, those for a nun are 348, commonly called 500. (sa) Śīla is also the first of the [lang id =1028]五分法身, i.e. a condition above all moral error. The <Sutra of Brahma's Net> has the following after the first five:

(6) not to speak of the sins of those in orders;

(7) not to vaunt self and depreciate others;

(8) not to be avaricious;

(9) not to be angry;

(10) not to slander the (sa) triratna.

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音譯屍羅， 意指行為、 習慣、 性格、 道德、 虔敬。 為三學之一， 六波羅蜜之一， 十波羅蜜之一。 廣義而言， 凡善惡習慣皆可稱之為戒， 如好習慣稱善戒（又作善律儀）， 坏習慣稱惡戒（又作惡律儀）， 然一般限指淨戒（具有清淨意義之戒）、 善戒， 特指為出家及在家信徒製定之戒規， 有防非止惡的功用。 戒有五戒、 八齋戒、 十戒、 六法戒、 具足戒多種， 見各種戒律耑書。

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防非止惡的意思， 不但惡事不可做， 就是惡的念頭也不許有。 又名清涼， 因人能止惡行善， 則必心安理得， 俯仰無愧， 故心無熱惱而得清涼。